The travels of a t-shirt in the global economy by Pietra Rivoli, Ph.D Essay

The travels of a t-shirt in the global economy by Pietra Rivoli, Ph.D - Essay Example In the preface, the author guides to the preview of the protests against cotton materials. The protests attribute the cotton industry to abuse of human rights. Protesters called backlash in the book refuse to buy t-shirts made from cotton because of the perception that cotton industry involves in child labor, human trafficking, unfair employment terms, and unsustainable compensations. The student protesters joined other human rights activists to campaign against global trade conferences. The reasons for the oppositions were that globalization is the reason behind maltreatment of workers in cotton and other industries. In the book, Pietra Rivoli seems to want to dismiss or challenge the idea that anti-cotton protesters have towards globalization and international trade. Majority of the impactful protesters are Americans who seem to curse the way the global cotton industry operates to make t-shirts available. To the protesters, before the t-shirt they buy reaches the market, it passes through child labor, underpaid workers, and poor working conditions (Rivoli VI). However, the book acknowledges that the success of the American cotton industry partly depends on the cheap labor obtained through slavery. Cotton growing is a big economic and agricultural activity in the Southern frontier. Wealthy people rank according to the hectors of cotton farm owned and the quantity of cotton possible harvested from the farms. The significance of the US cotton industry is comparable to the Swiss pharmaceutical industry, Japanese automaker industry, and the Germany chemical industry. Unfavorable climatic conditions in the industrialized countries make it hard to produce cotton in large quantities. It is for the reason that America does not have a serious competition that would come from producers of similar status (Rivoli 4). This state leaves America to compete some of the

Top 10 Oil and Gas Companies of India Essay Example for Free

Top 10 Oil and Gas Companies of India Essay In the short story, â€Å"To Hell with Dying† written by Alice Walker, Mr. Sweet is a sick old man whose multiple ailments bring him often to the brink of death; the narrator’s father and the children would call him back from his deathlike state by calling â€Å"To hell with dying, man!† (Walker 1127), and surrounding him with affection. The â€Å"resurrections† in which the children participate hide from them the reality that death is permanent. Finally, when the narrator is away at college, Mr. Sweet gets sick again, and this time no one can call him back. After his death, the family celebrates him, and the narrator accepts the gift of Mr. Sweet’s guitar, which she plays in his memory. The central idea of â€Å"To Hell with Dying,† is death is inevitable, it comes to everyone. The main character, the narrator, is described in the story to look like a baby monkey when she was a child. For example, â€Å"†¦ around my hairline, which was rather low down, nearly to my eyebrows, and made some people say I looked like a baby monkey.† (1129). This shows that the narrator a unique hairline that resembled a monkey and other people noticed it. When Mr. Sweet is nearing death, the narrator is awakened in the middle of the night because she can bring him back with her love and affection. For instance, â€Å"For soon after we had gone to bed one of the neighbors knocked on our door and called my father and said that Mr. Sweet was sinking fast†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1128), and, â€Å"I was very good at bringing him around, for as soon as I saw he was struggling to open his eyes I knew he was going to be all right, and so could finish my revival sure of success.† (1129). This shows that the narrator has always been helpful. The narrator thinks that if she continues to help Mr. Sweet come back from dying, he’ll always be okay. For example, â€Å"It did not occur to us that we were doing anything special; we had not learned that death was final when it did come.† (1129). This proves that the narrator didn’t und erstand what death really was because Mr. Sweet had always came back to life. She takes action with going to see him before his death by leaving college. For instance â€Å"†¦could I please drop everything and come home.’ Of course I could.† (1130) This shows that the narrator cares so much that she drops her main priority of college to go help with Mr. Sweet. She feels lots of love toward Mr. Sweet and is saddened by his death. For example, â€Å"The man on the high old fashioned bed with the quilt coverlet and the flowing white beard had been my first love† (1131). This shows she realizes that Mr. Sweet was the first person to show her how being loved and given attention felt. The supporting character is Mr. Sweet; he’s a tall, thin, and old. He is always kind to his neighbor family, especially to the children. He is always drunk and sad but when he is with these children, he is happy and energetic and loves to play with them. Mr. Sweet has many near death experiences which he always overcomes with the love and affection of the narrator. Mr. Sweet represents the special bond that can be shared between loved ones. The main conflict in† To Hell with Dying† is that death is inevitable. The narrator struggles with the internal conflict of death. Throughout the story she tries to control death by â€Å"reviving† Mr. Sweet. However, she learns that she cannot control death when he eventually passes. She doesn’t believe in death until a beloved friend dies. Through Mr. Sweet’s death the narrator realizes that death is always there. For example, â€Å"that Mr. Sweet was really gone? He had never been gone before.† (1130) This shows that now the narrator is seeing death first hand and believing in it for the first time in her life. In the end of the story the conflict is resolved by the narrator accepting that death is a part of life and cannot be evaded.

Reservation Blues Essay -- essays research papers

Hartry 1 Alterations: Comparing the Changes Caused by Marriage of the two Bessie Head Short Stories, â€Å"Life† and â€Å"Snapshots of a Wedding† Marriage is the union of two people, traditionally husband and wife. Traditional also are the roles that women play when confined in a marriage. When a woman has had the opportunity to educate herself pass tradition and has been use to a fast-paced modern lifestyle, this role of the wife might prove to be quite onerous to mold to. Usually a time of joy, celebration, and adulation, marriage may also bring along emotional and physical pain as well as awkward situations, as the woman must alter herself to conform the traditional role of what a wife should be. Bessie Head depicts two modernized, educated women in her short stories of â€Å"Life† and â€Å"Snapshots of a Wedding†. These women are forced to change from the only lives they knew as single women to the new roles they must live up to as wives. Life Morapedi and Neo are both women, who compared to the people of their perspective villages, are highly educated and have transcended the traditional customs of their African villages. Even though they have acquired knowledge beyond others and are able to attain high paying jobs, in certain aspects they are seen as interruption of the normal tradition of the villages. The inhabitants of the villages see these two women as an impediment to the usual occurrences of the villages. Life Morapedi is a vivacious, cordial, fancy woman with an enchanting voice and a tall, well-built body. She brings the intelligence of a big city back to a rural city. Villagers expect her to â€Å"bring a little light† (Head 349) to the slow-moving rural life. She loves to live life, hence her name, and throws parties and spends her never-ending bank account to show this love that she has for life. Before she is married she also engages in the endeavors of sleeping with as many men as she can for business and pleasure, a habit brought back from the city. Neo is a woman who has also excelled in her studies, excelling pass many in her village as well, including her closest family members. Due to the fact that she is smarter than most, she wants everyone to know that she is smarter. Letting everyone know causes her to be labeled a snob. Unlike Life, whose amicable nature e nthralls outsiders towards her, Neo has egocentric qualities that cause the people of her... ...ng it is not something she wants to be. This stereotypic role will probably continue to occur unless the stereotype of what a wife should be takes on yet another change. Hopefully one day an educated, vivacious, well-spoken, working, woman will become the tradition of what a wife epitomizes. +Berg, Christine G. â€Å"Bemused by education: Bessie Head’s ‘Snapshots of a Wedding’.† Exploring Short Stories (1998): Web Luis Literature Resource Center Coleman library, 14 April 2004. Goldstein, Amy. â€Å"Many Wives Have Become Family Breadwinners.† Washington Post (2002) 29 February 2000 Head, Bessie. â€Å"Life.† Literature and the Writing Process. Ed. Elizabeth McMahn, et al. 6th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002. 349-355. Head, Bessie. â€Å"Snapshots of a Wedding.† Unwinding Threads: Writing by Women in Africa. Ed. Charlotte H. Bruner, et al. London: Heinmann Books, 1983. 157-161. Kerschen, Lois. â€Å"Critical Essay on ‘Life’.† Exploring Short Stories for Students 13 (2001): Web Luis Literature Resource Center Coleman library, 14 April 2004. March, Thomas, M. â€Å"Snapshots of a Wedding.† Short Stories for Students (1999) Web Luis Literature Resource Center Coleman library, 12 April 2004.

Is Homework Benificial for Learning? Essay

Hello this is Christine and David on the affirmative team. We think that homework is beneficial and helpful for learning. Today, we will discuss the topic homework and why it is beneficial. School and homework teach students important life lessons that they will use as an adult. For example: It teaches them how to read and comprehend information, communicate ideas with others, listen and take notes, remember things, solve problems, how to develop a plan, set priorities and take action. Homework also teaches students how to concentrate, write reports, spend time alone and helps develop their curiosity about new subjects. Homework builds up an initiative in students. Children can feel responsible for finishing homework. Also, another benefit of homework is time management. They start allotting their time to study and play thus learning to complete their scheduled tasks in the time they have. Moreover, they learn to do things on their own. They manage their time and complete their work independently, and encourages self-discipline in students. Homework helps children learn with interest and by doing homework, children learn to cope up with school activities. It helps children apply their skills and improve on weakness. Furthermore, it helps improve academic results. Some people don’t think homework is beneficial, that can be true, but it is also helpful. According to â€Å"Benefits of Homework,† most teachers assign homework and that is for helping support what you learned that day. Also, homework teaches students how to set priorities, and it helps teachers determine how well students have understood that lesson. Furthermore, homework gives students another chance to review class material. Parents can get a chance to see what is learned at school. Homework teaches students that they have to do things sometimes-even if they don’t want to. It teaches students the importance of planning, staying organized, and taking action. However, homework is not helpful when used as a punishment or with parents helping or telling you everything to do. But not all homework is beneficial. The families with lower incomes have a lower chance of better outcomes of homework. homework helps kids use their time wisely. If they weren’t doing homework, students would much rather play and be busy with their hobbies, but homework can help your brain and academic skills. That is why we think homework is beneficial and helpful for learning.

Hotel Hilton

The Hilton Worldwide Performance Advantage is an integrated system of innovative solutions and advanced technologies that work together to drive increased business and keep costs down, without comprising quality. Together, these seven services provide access to the latest tools, technologies, forward-thinking strategies, and the most influential people in the industry to create an unrivaled competitive advantage. Hilton Performance Advantage Benefits The Hilton Performance Advantage combines the power of scale, access, reputation, and innovation—delivered by the world’s premier hospitality company.Our system provides powerful resources across our portfolio of brands, delivering leading edge solutions to consistently drive profits and efficiencies. This solution creates a higher share of wallet, guest loyalty, and leading innovation making it easier for on-site personnel to focus on delivering a superior guest experience. Hilton Performance Advantage Services Hilton HHon orsâ„ ¢ Hilton HHonors is the award-winning guest-loyalty program for Hilton Worldwide’s ten distinct hotel brands, honoring its 27 million members by allowing them to turn points into experiences worth sharing.Learn more Hilton Worldwide Sales (HWS) A team of professionals are ready to help you build influential customer relationships and meet the demands of today’s Corporate, Group, and Leisure travelers. Hilton Reservations & Customer Care (HRCC) Experienced team members provide 24-hour, multi-language global coverage in an effort to support and deliver business to your property. Global Online Services Reach travelers at every opportunity with the latest mobile, search, and online channels that place your property at their fingertips.Revenue Management Consolidated Center (RMCC) Revenue Management supports you in maximizing market share through price optimization, inventory & channel management. Information Technology (IT) Technology is the foundation of the Hilt on Performance Advantage, offering both you and your guests access to technology solutions such as reservations, Internet access, and entertainment. Hilton Supply Management (HSM) Our seasoned team secures you the best pricing, highest quality, and fastest delivery of the products and services your Hilton property needs.

Aztec History essays

Aztec History essays Aztecs started out as a small group of barbarians that called themselves the Mexica. The Mexica was believed to first appear in the Valley of Mexico about A. D. 1200. Although, according to folk legend it is believed that the Aztecs original homeland was an island called Aztlan. The Aztecs migrated from their original home land sometime during the early twelfth century settling in the Valley of Mexico later in the twelfth century. Teotihuacan ame of the This is where the name Aztec originated from. During this migration they held an image of Huitzilopochtli, which is their patron deity. They arrived in the Valley of Mexico towards the end of the twelfth century. They believed that their homeland would be marked by an eagle alighted on a cactus with a snake in its beak. When they came upon an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco, they supposedly they came across the eagle and the snake.# Since they lacked the sophistication of their neighboring communities, they had to seek all iances with the stronger city-states. The Aztecs were great worriers. In the early fifteenth century the Aztecs had become the leading city-state. They established their capital at Tenochtitlan. Their capital was on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco. Because of their dominance, they set out to take control of the entire region. By taking control over an area that is known today as modern Mexico, they were able to grow in size as well as power. They were able to take over the land that stretched from the "Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and as far south as the Guatemalan border"#. During their time of power the Aztecs had many great rulers. From 1440-1469 Moctezuma I was the Aztecs ruler. He built many things including botanical and zoological gardens. During his reign there was a severe drought that caused a famine throughout the empire#. Some Aztec people had to sell themselves into slavery, which was one of the only ways out...

Free Essays on Contemporary Native American Community

The contemporary community reflects those who are finding new pride in their native heritage, and Native Americans who are newcomers to this area and who represent the pan-Indian community. The Native American community has struggled with oppression, imposed disruption, and insecurity since the arrival of European settlers. Individuals were being shipped away to Oklahoma reservations as late as the 1950s. As recently as 1964, it was illegal for a Native American to own property. In spite of these hardships, vestiges of communities survived and their heritage is re-emerging with renewed pride. There are numerous elders in the state who offer guidance for the community and are the bearers of older traditions, including traditional crafts and oral history. A strong reverence and protection of the elders is common among Native American communities. Numerous individuals in the Native American community are involved in outreach activities, including presentations at schools. These presentations usually include song, dance, and other Native Americans heritage traditions. One strong tradition in the Native American community is narrative or storytelling. Traditional arts and crafts are practiced widely in the Native American community, and numerous skills have direct links with the past through the older generations. A common understanding is that the traditions cannot be bought or sold; therefore, Native American craftspersons in general do not attempt to commercialize their work. Recent interest has brought a revival and widespread adoption of the traditional Navaho powwow. There are currently numerous powwows, which serve to bring the statewide community together with the nationwide community of Native Americans. In general, these events represent a pan-Indian community more so than a regional community. Distinct tribal traditions are maintained and presented at some regional powwows, and the local Native American community presence c... Free Essays on Contemporary Native American Community Free Essays on Contemporary Native American Community The contemporary community reflects those who are finding new pride in their native heritage, and Native Americans who are newcomers to this area and who represent the pan-Indian community. The Native American community has struggled with oppression, imposed disruption, and insecurity since the arrival of European settlers. Individuals were being shipped away to Oklahoma reservations as late as the 1950s. As recently as 1964, it was illegal for a Native American to own property. In spite of these hardships, vestiges of communities survived and their heritage is re-emerging with renewed pride. There are numerous elders in the state who offer guidance for the community and are the bearers of older traditions, including traditional crafts and oral history. A strong reverence and protection of the elders is common among Native American communities. Numerous individuals in the Native American community are involved in outreach activities, including presentations at schools. These presentations usually include song, dance, and other Native Americans heritage traditions. One strong tradition in the Native American community is narrative or storytelling. Traditional arts and crafts are practiced widely in the Native American community, and numerous skills have direct links with the past through the older generations. A common understanding is that the traditions cannot be bought or sold; therefore, Native American craftspersons in general do not attempt to commercialize their work. Recent interest has brought a revival and widespread adoption of the traditional Navaho powwow. There are currently numerous powwows, which serve to bring the statewide community together with the nationwide community of Native Americans. In general, these events represent a pan-Indian community more so than a regional community. Distinct tribal traditions are maintained and presented at some regional powwows, and the local Native American community presence c...

6 Ways Grief Counseling Can Help You

6 Ways Grief Counseling Can Help You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you considering grief counseling or grief therapy, but you don’t know what to expect? In this guide to grief counseling and other kinds of professional grief support, we’ll provide a brief overview of grief and discuss what grief counseling is and what it entails. We’ll also help you figure out if you could benefit from grief therapy and how to choose a grief counselor. Finally, we’ll provide some grief and loss counseling resources. What Is Grief? Grief is the process of coping with a loss of some kind. Many people think primarily of bereavement or mourning: grieving the death of a loved one. However, you can grieve any kind of loss. This includes the loss of a pet, the loss of a beloved job, a serious illness in you or someone close to you, or the end of a friendship or relationship. People may also feel grief during a time of major life change- moving out of a family home, ending a graduate program, moving to a new city- even if they are excited about the transition. There are lots of ways to conceptualize the grieving process. One of the most common ways, created by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, is the five stages of grief model. This model posits that a grieving person goes through five emotional states throughout the grieving process: #1: Denial- the feeling that the loss can’t be real#2: Anger- rage at the loss#3: Bargaining- the impulse to try to â€Å"trade† away the loss (or the feelings of loss). May involve ruminating over what you could have done differently. With bereavement, often accompanies the feeling that â€Å"it should have been me instead†#4: Depression- feeling hopeless and sad about the loss#5: Acceptance- accepting that the loss has happened and that life will continue Another common grief model is the â€Å"Four Tasks of Mourning† created by William Worden. Per this model, grievers must accomplish four tasks: #1: Accepting that the loss has really happened#2: Working through the pain of the loss#3: Adjusting to the new environment#4: Maintaining a connection to the lost person/relationship/etc while moving forward with life There are also grief models that attempt to describe grievers. One notable one is the â€Å"grief styles† model by Terry L. Martin and Kenneth J. Doka. This posits that there are three styles of grieving: Intuitive grieving is very outwardly emotional and involves expressing inner emotions in a very visible way. We commonly expect people to grieve this way in our society. This grief style is often stereotyped as the â€Å"feminine† style of grief. Instrumental grieving is less outwardly emotional and more action-based. It often involves doing lots of projects or completing physical or cognitive tasks as a way to process the grief. People may think instrumental grievers are just not â€Å"dealing with† their grief, but they are just addressing it in a different way. This grief style is generally stereotyped as the â€Å"masculine† style of grief. Blended grieving involves a combination of the above styles. The truth is that most people are blended grievers to some extent or another. It’s very important to note that not everyone grieves in the same way or according to a particular set of â€Å"steps† or â€Å"tasks† laid out in a given order. People who are grieving who don’t feel any grief model describes their experience should not feel that anything is wrong with them. Grieving is an incredibly complicated process emotionally, intellectually, physically, and spiritually. Many experts (and grievers) describe grief as a â€Å"roller coaster.† You may be disoriented, exhausted, and confused by all of your (sometimes contradictory) reactions to the loss. You may consider pursuing grief and loss counseling to help you address your feelings of loss. While many grievers do not necessarily need professional help, many find it helpful. Grief is a normal part of life and is not a medical or mental health condition per se. However, it is typically a difficult experience, and a professional can offer valuable support and advice. We can all use some support when we are grieving. What Is Grief Counseling/Grief Therapy? Grief counseling (also called â€Å"grief therapy,† â€Å"bereavement counseling,† and â€Å"grief and loss counseling†) refers to seeing a professional in a one-on-one or small group setting to help you cope with your grief. The overall purpose of grief counseling is to provide support in a nonjudgmental environment as you move through the mourning process. In this section, we’ll discuss what grief counselors can do for you and what typically goes on in a grief counseling session. Note that many people use the terms â€Å"grief counseling† and â€Å"grief therapy† interchangeably, to refer to any session-based grief support. Others draw a slight distinction and use the term â€Å"grief counseling† to refer to session-based grief support offered by people who are not primarily mental health professionals (like pastors or nurses), while using the term â€Å"grief therapy† to refer to grief support services offered by mental health professionals like therapists and psychiatrists. Even with this distinction, in most cases, grief counseling and grief therapy will involve many of the same things. In this article, we’ll mostly use the terms interchangeably. What Can a Grief Counselor Do for You? There are six major things a grief counselor can do for you. Address your feelings: A grief counselor or grief therapist will help you identify, express, and productively manage all of the emotions you are feeling. For example, you may find yourself feeling profound anxiety or experiencing panic attacks; a grief counselor can aid in anxiety management. Identify coping mechanisms and support systems: a good grief counselor will help you identify your personal coping mechanisms and aid you in replacing unhealthy ones (like substance use) with healthy ones (like exercise). They will help you identify support systems and resources in your own life that you can access. Address your particular needs: Grief counselors can also help you deal with grief issues specific to your particular grief situation. For example, if you are a spiritual or religious person, you may find yourself questioning your beliefs or feeling angry with higher powers. A grief counselor can help with your spiritual struggles. Deal with the impacts of the loss: Grief counseling techniques help the griever come to terms not only with the loss itself, but with the impact of the loss. A major loss can change you as a person, so you may also find yourself also mourning your old self in addition to the loss. A loss may also cause a dramatic change in your financial situation or plans. A grief counselor can typically connect you with other resources you may need, like support groups, financial advisors, and so on. Set goals: Grief counselors can help you set manageable goals in your life and create schedules that help keep you moving forward and returning to regular tasks, but provide enough allowance for you to manage your grief. Help you manage setbacks: A grief counselor will help you manage any setbacks in the grieving process and reassure you that what you are going through is normal. It's okay to have setbacks. A counselor can help. Grief Counseling Techniques: What to Expect So what goes on in a grief counseling session? When you go to a grief counselor, you may not be sure what to expect. In initial sessions, you’ll most likely spend most of the time talking about the loss and how you are managing. Eventually, you’ll probably start doing â€Å"homework† and completing tasks between sessions. Grief counselors often have clients complete exercises in sessions, too. Common grief counseling techniques for both in-session and between-session work include journaling or other writing projects, completing creative projects, reading and discussing relevant books, meditation, yoga, relaxation and mindfulness techniques, and role-playing potentially uncomfortable situations. A grief counselor may also have you fill out grief therapy worksheets. Common grief therapy techniques specifically for bereavement include addressing the deceased person as though they were in the room (the â€Å"empty chair technique†), incorporating possessions or photos of the loved one into sessions, reflecting on the relationship with the deceased, and creating rituals to help commemorate the deceased. Grief counseling sessions for children will usually incorporate play therapy and creative activities to help the child express their feelings. If they are a trained mental health professional, your therapist may also introduce techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT. Grief therapy after a particularly traumatic loss may include EMDR (eye movement desensitization therapy), an evidence-based therapy modality for processing trauma. Get ready to bust out that journal. Do You Need Grief Therapy? Not all grievers need grief counseling. However, if you feel you would benefit from grief counseling or grief therapy, whatever your circumstances, you should feel free to pursue it. While grief is a normal reaction to a loss, it can still help to have a trained supporter who is not also dealing with the loss to help guide you and support you through the process. Grief counseling may be especially helpful in the following situations: Hidden or misunderstood grief: if you have experienced a loss that is not acknowledged or is considered trivial by others, like the loss of a beloved pet, you may be unable to grieve as openly as you would like. In this case a grief therapist can help you process your grief in a supportive, nonjudgmental environment. Sudden loss: If your loss was very sudden and unexpected, you were not able to prepare yourself for the loss in any way. This means you are at a higher risk of developing complicated grief (see below), or grief that does not abate with time. Grief therapy can help prevent (or manage) complicated grief in this situation. Low social support: Even the most well-meaning collection of friends may not know what to do when you are facing a loss. And while friends and family often mobilize in the first weeks after a sad event, you may find that after the first month or two others have moved on from your loss, while you have not. If you aren’t getting the support you need from your social network, grief therapy can help fill the gap. Family grieving: A death in the immediate family can cause strain in immediate family relationships. This is natural; everyone is grieving the loss differently. Additionally, because everyone is grieving, they may not be able to provide support to the other grievers. In this case, meeting as a family with a bereavement counselor can help family members understand each other’s feelings and reactions and lift strain in the relationship(s). Anniversaries and events: You may experience renewed grief around the holidays, birthdays, and the anniversaries of the loss. If you are struggling during these times, you may wish to see a counselor or therapist for a few sessions. Persistent grief: In general, grief is not considered a mental illness or psychological condition, as it is a normal reaction to a difficult event. However, if severe grief persists for many months (more than about six) without any abatement, you may be experiencing complicated grief or prolonged grief. Significant changes in behavior that persist for more than six months, substance abuse, and a continued preoccupation with loss are signs that grief has become complicated. If you are experiencing complicated grief, you should see a trained mental health professional (like a psychiatrist or therapist) who specializes in providing complicated grief therapy. Complicated grief therapy involves specific grief therapy techniques to help you face the loss and move forward in the grieving process. Additionally, though medication is not typically indicated for non-complicated grief, medication is sometimes useful to help manage complicated grief, which may co-occur with depression or other ps ychological conditions. Grief can get complicated. How to Find the Grief Support That’s Right for You Once you decide that you would like some additional support in your grieving process, there are a variety of considerations for selecting the grief support that’s right for you. We’ll review the three main considerations here: convenience, cost, and fit. The next section (grief counseling resources) will offer you some additional resources for finding grief counselors. Convenience You may think that you’re willing to travel far and wide for the support you need, and when the grief is fresh, this might be true. But as time goes on and your grief becomes less acute, you’ll be frustrated if you choose a grief counselor that is very inconvenient for you to meet with. So try to find someone who is reasonably close to you, and who can meet at times that are realistic for your schedule. If you are in a very remote area where in-person meetings are difficult, you may be able to find a counselor who will meet with via video. There are also online grief support groups that you may find helpful. Cost Cost is usually a factor when selecting a grief counselor. If your insurance covers mental health services, it will typically cover grief counseling with an in-network provider. If it doesn’t, many providers offer a sliding scale. Maybe you're looking for free grief counseling. Sometimes you can find hospice grief counseling or hospital grief counseling services that offer a certain number of free sessions for patients and/or surviving family members. Grief counseling provided by clergy members is also usually free because it is considered part of their ministerial duties. Additionally, grief support groups are often free, or require only a small per-session cost. Fit There are two main aspects to finding a grief counselor who is a good fit for you. You’ll want to consider who is offering the counseling and the format of the counseling. Many types of professionals provide grief counseling, including members of the clergy, trained nurses, social workers, therapists, and psychiatrists. Additionally, trained volunteers sometimes lead grief support groups. You’ll want to consider who you will be most comfortable with and who can best meet your needs. Think about the following: Would you rather speak with someone you already know, or would you prefer someone you don’t know? Would you be most comfortable with someone with advanced training in offering therapy and mental health services? Then consider a therapist, social worker, or psychiatrist. Are you looking for a counselor who focuses on a particular kind of grief, like pet grief counseling? Or maybe someone who can address specific issues, like Christian grief counseling or grief counseling for children? Is it important to you that your grief counselor is specially certified in grief counseling? The Thanatology Association offers professional certification. Note that the American Institute of Healthcare Professionals claims to certify in grief counseling, but it’s actually a sham accreditation organization propping up degree mills- beware! Do you want your grief counselor to be trained in a particular therapeutic modality, like EMDR or complicated grief therapy? The other thing to consider when considering fit is the format of the counseling. Are you looking for counseling for just you? Family sessions? Or are you looking for a support group with other mourners? With all this in mind, you’ll also want to make sure that you have a good rapport with your grief counselor. You may want to speak on the phone before committing to a session to get an idea of whether you’ll feel comfortable with this person. A good fit is important. Look how comfortable these two are! Grief Counseling and Grief Support Resources There are lots of resources available out there for finding the right grief support for you. We’ll go over resources for finding a grief counselor and for finding support groups, as well as a few other miscellaneous grief support resources that might be useful for you. Resources for Finding a Grief Counselor or Grief Therapist These resources will help you locate and select the right grief counselor or grief therapist to meet your needs. Find a Grief Therapist- Psychology Today: The magazine â€Å"Psychology Today† hosts this database of grief therapists, searchable by zip code and metro area, for the United States and Canada. Find a Specialist- Thanatology Association: This database can help you find a variety of ADEC-certified specialists in different sub-areas of grief and death education and counseling, including counselors and therapists. Grief Counseling- TAPS: This page has information on being connected with grief support specifically for those who are grieving the loss of a military personnel member. Finding a Grief Counselor- What’s Your Grief: This article from What’s Your Grief describes a nine-step process for pursuing professional grief support. How to Find a Therapist- Terry Wise: This helpful document by Terry Wise provides guidance and suggestions for selecting a therapist. It’s not grief-specific, but most of the advice applies. Resources for Finding Grief Support Groups Here are two resources to help you connect with support groups: GriefShare: The GriefShare program combines video seminars, support groups, and personal work to help individuals with grief. You can find grief support groups online using their website that meet near you. Support Groups- Hospice Foundation of America: HFA has gathered several sites to help you find the appropriate grief support group for you. Other Grief Resources Finally, here are three other grief resources you may find useful: GriefLink: GriefLink is a comprehensive resource for grieving individuals. It provides information on grieving, links to professional help of all kinds, and a database of support groups. Resources- Hello Grief: This page from Hello Grief compiles resources available in every state for grieving individuals. Center for Complicated Grief: This page from Columbia University offers information on complicated grief (also known as persistent grief or prolonged grief). Dogs are also valuable resources when you are grieving! Review: What Is Grief Counseling? How Can It Help You? In this comprehensive guide to grief counseling, we provided a brief overview of grief. It’s very normal to want support after grief, and grief and bereavement counseling can provide additional support during a trying time. Grief counseling techniques are designed to help you process your feelings and move forward in your life. While anyone who wants grief counseling could benefit from it, grief counseling may be especially helpful for those who faced a sudden loss, don’t have much social support, or who are experiencing complicated or prolonged grief. When you are trying to find a grief counselor, there are three main things to consider: Convenience: Is the grief therapist located in a place that’s easily accessible? Does their availability line up with your schedule? Cost: Does your insurance cover the counseling? If not, do you need free grief counseling? Fit: Is the grief counseling offered in a format that’s right for you? Do you get along with the grief therapist? Finally, we presented some resources for finding grief counselors and grief support groups along with some other grief support resources. You can get through it! What's Next? The stress of grief can impact your health in all kinds of ways. You might start feeling chest pain in your left breast due to anxiety. Stress can also depress your immune system, which can cause a latent shingles infection to come to the surface. If you do have shingles, here are some common shingles treatments you might consider. Self-care is critical when you are going through a hard time. Consider a nourishing coconut oil treatment for your hair to help you relax.

Responsibility of Firefighting Teams Term Paper

Responsibility of Firefighting Teams - Term Paper Example The fire and rescue team has a responsibility to give support and restore stability in case of natural disasters like terrorist attack, radioactive emission, nuclear disaster and floods. The government supports the service team nationally to help it work effectively with other local bodies requiring local, regional, national response. To address large issue the local and the regional bodies come together. They are utilized to consider and plan for wide area risks like floods and other major outbreak of diseases. In the Fire Control project, it is ensured that the fire and rescue team gets the required mobilizing and response tools they need to continue a world-class enabled service. Communities and local government remain committed to working with Fire Control teams so that best services are delivered and can successfully meet up the challenges of the twenty-first century. The Fire and Rescue services team have, to enter an agreement with the local bodies that they agree to perform t he task so as to run the new control service and keep the department informed of any issues that might arise. (Fire and Rescue service 2008-11, n.d. p.12) They also have a duty to participate constructively and wholeheartedly in any other regional arrangement that m fight exists. They also have a duty of working closely with fire Recontrol technology,y providers and subcontractors and to report about the progress regularly to the communities and local governments. Firelink provides for the crucial internal communication between the communication rooms and various vehicles of Regional control centers (Fire and Rescue service 2008-11, n.d. p.23) The roles of fire and rescue teams have become even more important because of the changing temperature in a global context. It has been found out that an increase in 1 degree centigrade in summers increases the number of outdoor fires by 24000 to 40000 per year in England and Wales while an increase of two degrees would increase the chances of outdoor fire by thirty four to fifty six percent.

Social Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Class - Essay Example These classes are â€Å"distinguished by inequalities in such areas as power, authority, wealth, working and living conditions, life-styles, life-span, education, religion, and culture† (Cody). How one’s socio-economic status, with which he is born with, affects his life chances is going to be discussed in this paper. Let’s first talk about healthcare. One who is born with high social status is given all the rights by the society to enjoy good health care facilities. He has enough money to go to expensive doctors or even visit physicians abroad. He has all the resources with which he can afford expensive medicines, and also can hire servants who bring the medicine placed on a tray to be put into his mouth. When a wealthy man goes to a hospital, he immediately gets an appointment with the highly professional provider. On the other hand, when a person belonging to a lower class, or even a middle class, gets sick, he is not able to afford to go to a doctor and buy c ostly medicines. If at all he manages to reach the hospital, he has to wait in long queues to get an appointment to get him examined. The doctor will not talk to him humanely. This way, the upper class enjoys greater longevity than the lower class. The middle class is not affected much in case of longevity. Hence, the amount of money a person has in his pocket decides what kind of and how much health care he will receive. This is the class discrimination that has deepened its roots into our society and no matter how much we get educated, we will always fall prey to this cruel discrimination. As far as family life is concerned, it is affected negatively in lower classes. This is because poor people are more stressed out because of poor financial conditions. They do not have high paying jobs, and thus they hardly make both ends meet. They cannot think of any luxury other than earning bread and butter. The family life is disturbed and the children do not get enough attention from their parents. Despite being the richest country, Americans rank highest in child poverty rates. They are stricken with insufficient nutrition along with unemployment and housing that is overcrowded (Arloc). Poor class manifests in physical, emotional and social ways. McLoyd suggests that impoverished children have social, emotional and behavioral problems due to poor health and serious mental health problems stemming from the persistent poverty level in which they live. Aber and Bennett concluded that serious health problems come along with the territory such as preventable diseases like Influenza, Measles, Malnutrition and AIDS due to lack of proper education and poor or no health care at all. On the other hand, the rich people have all the facilities and luxuries with which they can make their lives easier and their children happier. They can always spend lots of money on vacations, movies, games, picnics, and so on. The education and the political system is also dependent upon the so cial class. Lower social classes do not have the funding to support their children financially so that they are able to get good education. So they lag behind. This ends in their not getting good jobs, thus they add to the overall poverty. The high social classes can afford good schools and colleges, and can even send their children abroad for higher education. Thus, education sector is controlled by those high in power and wealth. Moreover, upper class is also able to vote more and choose their political leaders. Lower classes either

4 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

4 questions - Essay Example do you feel like are safe? Are you in favor of protectionism? Are you willing to pay more for products if they are made in the U.S.? The jobs which are still safe within the U.S. are related with the state machinery, the labor domains, the teachers, the normal business fraternity and so on. I am in favor of protectionism because it allows the Americans to protect their own selves. Indeed I am willing to pay an extra dime if the products are made in the U.S. This is significant as it will mean the countrymen and women are doing something worthwhile for the U.S. and benefiting the nation. 3. Do you think the United States has an energy crisis? What do you think are the best alternative energy solutions? Would you be willing to pay a $4 a gallon tax if that money would be used to research new alternative energy solutions? It is true that the United States has an energy crisis from which it has to get out. The best alternative energy solutions are in the form of coal exploration and water-based plants which will bring in more energy reservoirs for the country. One would be willing to pay extra if the research for new alternative energy solutions is ensured because this is the need of the hour. It would be the basis of the American nation in terms of success. 4. What is so special about healthcare that requires government intervention? Is access to healthcare a basic human right? What do you think would happen if healthcare was an unregulated free market? Do you think you would be better off or worse off? The thing that is special about healthcare that requires government intervention is that the lives of the people depend entirely on the steps undertaken by the government and hence the need is made essential. Indeed access to healthcare is a basic human right because human beings deserve to live their lives to the fullest with good health and positive energy. If healthcare was an unregulated free market, it

Building Certification Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Building Certification - Coursework Example The fact that this building is a type IIA construction means that the elements of the building have to be fire rated. Here is a summary of my findings and a conclusion later on the certification of this particular building.This load might vary with there being greater concentration at certain areas as compared to other areas. However, a balance is needed and can be created by having adequate means of Egress. Here is my finding on the occupant load of the building.The capacity of Egress components like the main door way capacity as well as the other entrances and exits capacities have to be standard. This particular building has several exits/entrances. The main entrance is 120 inches wide while the other two side entrances are 72 inches wide each. Occupant load of the whole floor = load of Multipurpose Room + offices + classrooms + shops + lab load capacityThese exits have to be balanced. The table below represents the standard occupant load factor.According to the standards set, the building has good egress as well as occupant load capacity. These are well distributed and the exits are sufficient to cater and allow for efficient evacuation of the building in case of an emergency.Though there is no automatic sprinkler system, the designs of the hallways as well as their capacity can handle a fire eventuality well. The load capacity of the building is balanced to the different rooms as well as the entrances. With the basic conditions met, there is no reason not to award the certificate. I therefore award a certificate.

American life between the years 1919-1929 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American life between the years 1919-1929 - Essay Example Besides, there were hysterical fears regarding the red Russia, which were attributed to the influence caused by Bolshevik revolution that had occurred earlier in 1917; in fact, this paper will focus on exploring significant issues concerning life between the years 1919 to 1929. During this period, there was anxiety heightened by epidemic attack, which had convulsed the America at the end of the war; in fact, some people had a belief that there were labor tribulations fomented by Bolsheviks. Moreover, this led to campaigns against people who were suspected of having relations with radicals that had been deported to Russia due to cases of Wall Street bombing that led to death of thirty eight people (Aboukhadijeh 1). Furthermore, it was during the same period that a number of state legislature was passed, which involved laws on criminal syndicalism. Besides, this prohibited advocacy of violence in the effort to securing social change, through use of words to achieve the same were not cr iminalized. Conservative businesspeople abolished their association with unions, thereby leading to a reflection of cases referred to as â€Å"judicial lynching.† These cases led to conviction of people such as Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti; in fact, this case involved prejudice by the judge against the defendant due to the mere fact that they were foreigners from Italy, however, this led to rallies made by liberal radicals, and this led to their execution (Aboukhadijeh 1). It was during the same period that America saw the spawning of Ku Klux Klan after the reaction of the war aftermath; in fact, this was seriously spread during the 1920s (Aboukhadijeh 1). Moreover, this was related to notions against Catholics, Jews, Pacifist, Communist, birth-control, evolution, and internationalist; thus, Klan was spreading vigorously to the Midwest of south peak in the mod 1920s, thereby affecting more than five million American citizens. Later in 1920s, there were efforts, made b y some American to end this movement through the congressional investigation after a stern warning. This period was also faced with increased number of immigrants, who entered and settled in the country; in fact there approximately eight hundred thousand, whereby two-third came from southern and eastern part of Europe. On the other hand, it was during the same period, the Congress focused in ending the breach with Emergency Quota Act of 1921, whereby immigrants from Europe were constrained in duration of year based on the quota (Aboukhadijeh 1). Later in 1924, there was a replacement of the Immigration Act with a stopgap legislation that had been formulated in 1921. In fact, this led to reduction of the three to two percent of the national origins for those who migrated. Apparently, there were prohibitions against immigrants from Japan, since America was not allies with this country; in fact, others in this list included Canadians and Latin Americans. Therefore, the immigration act in 1924 was the end of the immigration that has been unrestricted; thus, by this moment America has turned into country with numerous ethnic communities. There were efforts aimed at organizing the labor unions but they were all in vain due to ethnic difference, which led discrimination based on social class and political solidarity. During this period, there were progressive reforms aimed at prohibiting the support for crusading churches and women, due to Eighteenth Amendment in 1919 (Aboukhadijeh 1).

Building Certification Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Building Certification - Coursework Example The fact that this building is a type IIA construction means that the elements of the building have to be fire rated. Here is a summary of my findings and a conclusion later on the certification of this particular building.This load might vary with there being greater concentration at certain areas as compared to other areas. However, a balance is needed and can be created by having adequate means of Egress. Here is my finding on the occupant load of the building.The capacity of Egress components like the main door way capacity as well as the other entrances and exits capacities have to be standard. This particular building has several exits/entrances. The main entrance is 120 inches wide while the other two side entrances are 72 inches wide each. Occupant load of the whole floor = load of Multipurpose Room + offices + classrooms + shops + lab load capacityThese exits have to be balanced. The table below represents the standard occupant load factor.According to the standards set, the building has good egress as well as occupant load capacity. These are well distributed and the exits are sufficient to cater and allow for efficient evacuation of the building in case of an emergency.Though there is no automatic sprinkler system, the designs of the hallways as well as their capacity can handle a fire eventuality well. The load capacity of the building is balanced to the different rooms as well as the entrances. With the basic conditions met, there is no reason not to award the certificate. I therefore award a certificate.

About Euripides Alcestis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About Euripides Alcestis - Essay Example Alcestis has the character of the powerful Greek woman in the Greek Mythology. However, love makes her to be humble like any common woman. She dies for her husband because of love. She is a hero who decides that she has to sacrifice her life for his husband. Through her heroic deed, Alcestis depicts the character of women that makes them different from Men. While men in the Greek society are shown to be selfish and even foolish, Alcestis shows that women, through simple sacrifices can make a change. In the first stasimon, the Chorus says, â€Å"Oh poor man! What a man you are! What a wife you are losing!† (25). This shows that Euripides in his writings thought of Alcestis as a hero. The chorus affirms that the lose of Alcestis was a big blow to Admetus. Alcestis says, â€Å"My death is enough--I am dying for you.† The sacrifice by Alcestis is captured in her own words. She affirms her heroic stature among all the mortals by declaring that she is dying for her husband. In the third Stasimon, Pheres speaks of the heroic deeds of Alcestis, â€Å"And she has made life more glorious for all women by undertaking this generous deed.† This shows that Alcestis is a Hero amongst women through her act of sacrifice. Because of Alcestis heroic deed, Heracles decides to do a heroic deed by fighting death and eventually managing to restore Alcestis. The heroic deed by Alcestis of dying for his husband is appreciated by Heracles to the extent that he decides to give Heracles life back. Selfishness helps create Alcestis heroic character. Admetus through his own selfishness, had agreed that he be given prosperity by Apollo, on the condition that he was destined to die. However, Admetus could cheat death if he managed to find someone willing to die in his place. Admetus had tried to look for a person who was willing to die for him, but everyone had refused. Alcestis through her bravery and sacrifice decided to

A research on the effects of birth order on personality family and society Essay Example for Free

A research on the effects of birth order on personality family and society Essay How Does Birth Order Affect Personality, Family, and Society? Introduction This research project will investigate birth order and how it directly affects one’s personality. This project explains why individuals behave differently within the family. According to the systems theory, families adapt in response to changes in internal and external needs and circumstances, including the development of individual family members (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). For primary research, opinions from different hierarchical perspectives will be provided through a survey. Depending on ones position in the sibling hierarchy, personalities differ because different stages carry different roles and responsibilities. This research project will look at how each stage affects personality. Method For the primary research, a total of fifteen questions were asked to 6 people. Each of the interviewees was of different levels in the sibling hierarchy, i.e. first born, last born, the middle child, only child, and twins. In between each question, the subjects would have time to properly think about their next answer, this way results would be accurate and as substantial as possible. The first interview was conducted with a set of 20-year-old twins, this interview was the most interesting and had the most answers. The next subject was a 13-year-old girl who is the only child of her family, the interview lasted seven minutes. The third interview was conducted with a 17-year-old girl, a 14-year-old girl and an 11-year-old boy, they were all siblings and would represent each part of the sibling hierarchy. Topics about the personality and how it affects relationship within the home and outside of the home were discussed. The topics covered were: personality traits and parent-child relationships. Results All of the subjects were teenagers specifically because they would be experiencing the effects of their birth order currently as they are still at home with parents. One hundred percent of the interviewed subjects identified with, and agreed upon the following characteristics and stereotypes: First Borns: High achievers Perfectionists Obsessive Responsible Controlling Middle Children: Very Social Generous Diplomatic Mediators Values friendships and relationships Somewhat rebellious Last Borns: Attention seekers Outgoing Selfish Creative Humourous Discussion This study is supported by Alfred Adlers theory of personality development. Alder was influenced and inspired by Charles Darwin’s study of genetic evolution and adaptation. Darwin’s phenomena can help explain why children tend to differentiate their personalities and carry out tasks uniquely based on their own individual approach to life in order to reduce competition and conflict. Children influence most of the relations that happen within the family, they decide for themselves the role they will play in the family, parents only help reinforce those choices (Schafer, 2015). Some might deem themselves as the â€Å"responsible one†, the â€Å"goody-two-shoes†, the â€Å"smarty pants†, the athlete, the persevering etc†¦ Alder, who is a world-renowned psychologist would suggest that children be raised or treated individually; meaning as the unique individuals that they are. The primary socialization in a child’s life is determined by the fa mily. The family helps you gain a sense of who you are (Holloway, 107). If a child is not raised individually, with each of their stereotyped personality traits taken into consideration, it could result in a low self-esteem, conflict and possibly distance within the family. The Theory of Ego development, founded by Jane Loevinger discusses how ego is developed in three stages (Holloway, 105). The second stage of this theory talks about people understanding and accepting their individual differences and through that, distinguishing variations in feelings and emotions that make people unique (Holloway, 105). Most parents might not understand the psychology that is behind a child’s position in the family, which is why many children especially the middle child, might complain of lessened love and misunderstanding. A parent should feel responsible for the well-being of their child, but many of them overlook the importance of understanding the essence of birth order. 2 out of 5 interviewees described their relationship with their parents as normal without any real problems. The other 3 however, agreed upon the fact that their parents do not understand them and in fact treat their siblings and them the same and bringing them up as â€Å"one person†; saying things like â€Å"Be like sibling A†, â€Å"Sibling A gets very high grades, why is it different with you?†. It is a challenge for parents to understand their children and treat them based on their different characters and psyche, which is why most parents don’t even bother. Feelings of neglect and unimportance may arise within certain children when they compare their relationships with their parents to that of their siblings. Sibling relationships are one of the most significant relationships people experience through life. They help define our early social and cognitive skills. The emotional connection and protection that comes from a sibling bond is a great life satisfaction that helps reduce levels of depression. They can teach us about conflict resolution, managing social tensions, conduct friendships and handle ourselves in group situations (http://internationalschoolparent.com/). Gender also has a role to play in birth order positions. In the case of the first-born child, oldest males are more of leaders as they tend to take charge. Oldest daughters, on the other side of the spectrum, are more aggressive and confident, sometimes bossy. Middleborns are the Type O blood of relationships: They go with anyone, (Schipani, 2010). Middle children tend to be good at making compromises as they would have bossy older siblings and needy younger siblings. The youngest child of the family is usually treasured an d in many cases treated as babies for much longer than their older siblings. The youngest siblings of the family also tend to stray away from taking charge and might be seen as the shy and quiet sheep of the family. The only children of the family are usually stereotyped to be precious and would be pampered as they have all the attention on them; parents would not have to split attention and in worse cases love between siblings because there is only one child. Many say that only children are more mature for their age because of the amount of time they spend with their parents. My research showed that the 13-year-old girl interviewed who is the only child of the family, considered herself more socially aware than her peers and is very much accustomed to and satisfied with her own company. Symbolic interactionism examples that a child’s self-esteem is determined by the parent’s appraisal of the child’s worth, this occurs during the parent-child interaction. It assumes that supportive parental behavior like nurturance, approval, and love all determine a childs inherent worth (Adkins, 2003). The child will be able to confirm that his parents accept him for who he is and see him as a competent and worthwhile person. The more the parent interact with a child using positive sentiments, the child will positively act upon not just her immediate family but the environment around her. The theory states that if parent-child relationships are spread across equally amongst all children, all the children within the family will have an equal self-esteem.    Conclusion As proven by Alfred Adlers theory, birth order does have an effect on one’s personality. As well as individualistically, a child’s position in the family can reflect on his immediate family, meaning sibling and parent relationships as well as how they relate to the outside world. If parents dont learn to properly care for their children individualistically, conflict and feelings of incompetence could arise within the family. Citations Adkins, K. L. (2003, May). Predicting Self-Esteem Based on Perceived Parental Favoritism and Birth Order. In Tennessee State University Graduate Studies. Retrieved from http://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1907context=etd Schafer, A. (2015, May 5). Birth Order Theory. In HUFF POST PARENTS CANADA. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/05/05/birth-order-theory_n_7214638.html Schipani, D. (2010, May 28). How Does Birth Order Affect Relationships? In Womens Day. Retrieved from http://www.womansday.com/relationships/dating-marriage/advice/a1611/how-does-birth-order-affect-relationships-107592/ White, James Martin., and Margaret Holloway. Families in Canada: Social Contexts, Continuities, And Changes. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. Print. Whiteman SD, McHale SM, Soli A. Theoretical perspectives on sibling relationships. J Fam Theory Rev. 2011;3:124–139. What Does Birth Order Say About You (n.d.). In International School Parent. Retrieved from http://internationalschoolparent.com/family-constellations-what-if-anything-does-birth-order-say-about-you/

The Rise And Challenge Of Neoliberalism To Neorealism Politics Essay

The Rise And Challenge Of Neoliberalism To Neorealism Politics Essay The neo or the new kind of liberalism and realism was developed in the 1970s as a significant change in theories of International Relations. The neoliberalism is an advancement of liberalism thinking, as it believes to a cooperation and interdependence between States and non-state actors, while the neorealisms theory is focused on the idea of conflict. For the liberals or neoliberals, they have a more optimistic view of peaceful relations, but compared to liberals the neoliberals are highly focused on creating institutions to manage the international system. The neorealists compared to realists argue that the causes of conflict are different. While realists believe that the self-interest of states create conflict, the neorealists explain that the conflict comes from the anarchy, as the lack of authority involves states to seek power and develop a system of self-help. The development of neoliberal theory was formulated by Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye (1977) based on interdependence model. The founder of neorealism school is Kenneth Waltz (1979), he stands out from realists about the question of the balance of power. For realists the equilibrium results from the willingness of politicians, but Waltz believes that the balance of power is an attribute to the international system which is composed of selfish units, regulate themselves. Thus for him, the less major powers there are, the more stable the international system is. Therefore the number of poles is reduced to increase system rigidity and more people choose carefully. Having in mind this above statement, the main purpose of this essay is to examine in some detail how neoliberalism is a response to neorealism and how it can challenge the realisms simplistic approach and neorealist theory of the international system. To begin with an analysis of the rise of neoliberalism, it is important to explain the main concept of this theory as this is also the rise of institutions, of pluralism, of rationality. Then, by different ideas from authors the discussion and argument on the debate will be analysed in order to identify the key points of neoliberalism to counter neorealism. The renewal of liberalism occurred after World War II to regulate international system for a peaceful world order. The ideas of neoliberalism are based on cooperation through international institutions and international organizations, which play an important role in the international distribution of wealth and power to maintain stability. Indeed, the major authors like Stephen Krasner (1982) and the founder of neoliberal thought, Robert O. Keohane (1984) has published a book After hegemony and both develop an hegemonic stability theory, they argue that the hegemon provides public goods through institutions (e.g. International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization), determine the content of rules and procedures of cooperation in order to act in the interest of all. Thus the hegemon provides a necessary and sufficient function for the creation and maintenance of international regimes. The neoliberals saw institutions concentrated on international regimes defined by Krasner (1983) as institutions possessing norms, decision rules, and procedures which facilitate a convergence of expectations. Neoliberalism also refers to a rise of pluralism, which is viewed as the source of liberal justification (Robert B. Talisse, 2005, pp. 60) that relies on the assumption of rationality. This leads to an interaction between states, as the rationality involves them to focus on strategy in which actions will lead to reactions by others, then the result will depend on the interaction of other state strategies (Tim Dunne, et al., 2007). Thus the pluralism involves multiple forces in the international system. As David Armstrong, et al., (2007, pp. 85) state neoliberals no longer looked inside states, at how they are politically organized, but rather followed neorealists in treating states as rational actors. The rise of neoliberalism leads to an emergence of international institutions, often called neoliberal institutionalism is focused on collective actors, as they provide rules and norms that support the interaction of states that will work all together. Neoliberals are much more pragmatic than liberals. The notion of international institutions (e.g. International Monetary Fund, World Bank) differs from liberals, especially after the publication of Robert O. Keohanes book After Hegemony (1984). The institutions have a huge influence on states and have provided a way to challenge neorealism. International institutionalism can explain non-security policy areas, the focus goes beyond trade and development issues, like cooperation in trade, monetary policy or environmental protection (David Armstrong, et al., 2007). Thus, institutions, by pushing states to work together, facilitate international cooperation in reducing inherent uncertainties in anarchy. Also one of the major difference with realism is how they see the concept of anarchy (Grieco 1988). Both theories agree on state action and anarchy in world politics. Even if neoliberals recognise their proximity to neorealists, how they manage their similarities is different. Like neorealists, states are important but run with other entities (institutions, organizations). The anarchy, for neorealists, is the absence of authority above states, leading to conflicts on international system. This also means that a state is the guardian of its own security and independence (Spanier, 1978 pp. 11), thus the guarantee of security and safety for states does not exist. The self-interest for neorealists is based on the measurement of gains and have preference on relative gains where states refer to power balances (Grieco, 1988). They believe in hegemonic cooperation, where the hegemonic state holds the position of power to arbitrate any coalition in international system with a preponderance of economic and military power (Hobson, J. M.,2000, pp 39). For neorealists, cooperation can be used to obtain some goals, but it is limited and risky as it introduces the possibility of attack from another state, even if the other state is an ally. According to Waltz for each state the prior research of security is achieved by relying only on itself. However would this lack of trust and cooperation towards other states tend to a dependence of the hegemonic state ? Neoliberals in response have demonstrated that anarchy cannot only deal with a constant threat of use of force by major powers. Miller, B. (1995, pp. 52) in his book called When Opponents Cooperation: Great Power Conflict and Collaboration in World Politics, has raised and competed theoretical perspectives to advance plausible explanations. He stated that the small number of great powers and the use of force are insufficient factors to induce cooperation in conflict resolutions. The cooperation under anarchy (Oye, K. 1986) is possible. Unlike neorealists, they argue that the concept of self-help is not the most profitable for a state because of the risk of war. The cooperation may respond to the self-interest of a state. Neoliberals argument is actually the strongest one because they introduced idea of complex interdependence (Robert O. Keohane and J. Nye, 1977) to explain how multiple actors, agencies and forces can be managed in the world system. Keohane and Nye do successfully cha llenge structural realists as they provide a better understanding of changing security. They explain, for example, that in post Cold War era the security changed through multiple communications in multipolar system. Moreover they argue that using force by military actions are costly and tend to negative effects on economic goals. This also leads to a risk of nuclear rise. Therefore, complex interdependence assumed that the military power is not necessarily effective in economic and political interests of states. If issues occurred between great powers and smaller states, the great powers should dominate. However, the US experience in Vietnam (1961) shows the failure of neorealist theory on bipolar system. Keohane (1997, pp 187) has remarkably explained that : Failure of great powers to control smaller ones could be explained on the basis of independent evidence that in the relevant issue- areas, the states that are weaker on an overall basis have more power resources than their stronger partners, and that the use of power derived from one area of activity to affect outcomes in other areas (through linkages) is difficult. Thus the complex interdependence has arguably challenged the neorealist theory in security concerns. The concept of Prisoners Dilemma, used by neorealists, is based on idea that they have a policy of self-help by default because they could not know the behaviour of other states. How to predict the behaviour of other states ? How to reduce the uncertainty in the situation of international anarchy ? The neoliberals responded by international institutions and international regimes creation. According to Keohane (1986) international regimes facilitate cooperation by reducing uncertainty. He argued that regimes were created to solve the Prisoners Dilemma concept where states share a common interest in cooperation. The regimes are operated between self-interest states aware of all the benefits they can get from the coordination of their policies. In contrast to neorealists, they are concerned with absolute gains getting the best possible deal. Grieco stated that State seeks to maximize their individual absolute gains and are indifferent to the gains achieved by others (Baldwin, 1993, pp 117). By using absolute gains neoliberals seek a long-term cooperation through institutions which are considered for neoliberal institutionalists as the mediator and the means to prevent to cheating in the world system (Baylis and Smith, 2001). Keohane and Nye (1977) have clearly defined the importance of institutions as powerful norms. Indeed, NGOs and networks are strongly effective in penetrating states and use domestic norms and rules to force political leaders to focus on global issues. The most significant argument is found in neoliberalism theory because international institutions encourage the opportunity of negotiations and focus on collaboration and distributional issues. Thus the collective aim is to achieve a positive outcome (Martin, Lisa L., and Beth A. Simmons, 1998). One of the relevant example to illustrate the importance of institutions is the World Trade Organization (the WTO agreement) created in 1995, its goal is to provide free trade agreements and settle disputes between nations. If governments are confident to other ones they would not establish barriers to trade and would not try to do so. Thus they will be more willing to cooperate. The WTO system widely contributes to strengthen that trust and the negotiations lead to agreements by consensus. Small countries can benefit from greater bargaining power. It is important to remain that without a multilateral regime such as the WTO system, the more powerful countries could further unilaterally impose their force on their smaller trading partners. Thus smaller countries would have to deal individually with each of the major economic powers and would have more difficulties in resisting to pressures. But with the WTO system, smaller countries may be more effective if they have opportunities to create alliances and share their resources (e.g. Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 1967). Besides, major economic countries will also find their interest as they can negotiate with almost all of their trading partners at a time. As emphasized earlier, neorealists greater focus on power and security as a core goal through military force and tangible assets, but for neoliberals the dominant goal is the welfare through institutions and organizations. Walts focus is based on anarchical structure of the international system, states compete each other in order to survive. Neorealists also share common ideas as defensive realism because anarchy causes a security dilemma leading states to worry about one anothers future intentions. Thus leaders mistakenly believe in aggression to make their state secure. For example: in the Cold War era, the Soviet Union with their nuclear weapons threaten the safety of America. One of the other popular neorealists, John Mearsheimer (2003), leader in offensive realism, believes in status quo power and blamed security competition between great powers. However the neoliberals concept on international institutions is the best means to avoid conflicts and hostility as they have an independent causal impact because they oversee global tasks that states do not (T. Dunne, et al., 2009). As they represent a third party or neutral parties they have a complete autonomy to deal with states and promote values and goals on a global scale. One of the dominant strand for liberalists and neoliberalists is the democratic peace theory, based on Kants notions of Perpetual Peace. While neorealists completely dismiss this idea of democracy where states have no conflict among each other, neoliberals use this peaceful argument to counter neorealists on their use of force. The democratic peace theory is the argument that democracies do not tend to, or rarely go to war with each other. People are directly affected by decisions of war, the public opinion is therefore important as it affects the political behaviour. Democratic norms emphasize on the importance of dialogue and negotiation, the same for trade relations. Besides, the main reasons that democracies do not go to wars or militarized conflicts against each other are the fact that state leaders have cultural and institutional restrictions (Doyle, 1986). Neoliberals stand as a challenge to neorealists in providing argument for peaceful and cooperative international relations through democratic peace. Michael Doyle (1983) finds three pillars based on : first, peaceful conflict resolution between democratic states, second the common values among democratic states and third economic cooperation among democracies (R. Jackson, G. Sorensen, 2007, pp. 44). It is argued that this theory is also used as a tool to create homogenous world and challenge states sovereignty in the era of globalisation. Whereas neorealists think that globalisation does not exist because states only have state-interests. For them the globalisation would be economically bad, with negative outcomes such as dangerous inequality, rebellion, conflicts. In response to this negative idea, neoliberals think that globalisation can lead to community of states and new interests. Moreover, the democratic peace theorys benefit is to identify and condemn countries for human rights violations. While neorealists dismiss cultural differences between states, neoliberals emphasize the importance of culture and morality. For both, democracy must be normalized meaning that they have normative quality in which how the world ought to be or the way the world should be ordered. Democracy remains a moving target (M. Brown, et al., 1996, pp. 268) and is used by neoliberals to challenge neorealists as a response to war and a collective solution for peace. The American hegemony is also a debate between neoliberals and neorealists. This is, on the one hand, viewed as a hard power by neorealists as the USA have ability to impose their will on other political states: in terms of military force, technological growth, they have permanent seat in the UN Security Council, nuclear weapon power and economic power. On the other hand, the concept of soft power (Nye, J.) has a different view of hegemony, as emphasized earlier, it used other means, like culture, ideology, institutions. If the power of the US, analyzed in terms of resources and influences, is obviously not what it was in the 1950s, but this decline should not be exaggerated. The pax Americana is more a myth than a reality, the US has never enjoyed a complete hegemony. Nye believes that they should consider sharing their leadership to face the transnational interdependence. Robert Cox (Canadian neoliberal) thinks that hegemony and leadership terms are confused to describe the domination of one power in the international system. He stated that hegemony is a leadership by consent and is not a power struggle, but rather functions in a subtle way, by a kind of universal consent. Nye finds that the power definition has a lack of uniformity. That is why he undertook two approaches of the power definition : The first one, is to identify the factors of power : they can be measured from natural resources, territory, population or as political factors from institutions, organisations. A clear understanding of the factors are important to then define the power. The second approach is the goals of the power. For neorealists and realists the goals are the defense of national interests. However, Nye added that action fields of power are numerous and different. The challenge for the US is how to keep their hegemony as long as possible. In hard power the goal is to keep superiority, the US should more take active part in foreign conflicts (they tend to do since 9/11). As they cannot intervene everywhere (due to internal expenses) they must make a selection, necessarily based on national interests. In this instance their hegemony would appear as a strong supremacy. In soft power, the US must continue to promote exchanges and keep their advanced technology. As a response to neorealist theory, neoliberals argue that the use of force and a bilateral system are not effective. Arguments are based on peaceful world order by the creation of international institutions, organisations and regimes. Indeed, these ideas have successfully challenged neorealist thoughts, as organisations like the WTO allowed to reduce conflicts and settle disputes. They especially lead to agreed members to cooperate through negotiations, the community of states is the main successful factor in order to avoid conflicts and wars. Finally, the notions of hegemony or power are used in both theories but have different meaning. Some similarities are also found in both, like universality, uniformity or anarchy and critics argue that instead of a debate this is more a neo-neo synthesis  [1]  .

Letter to Frank in Eveline Essay -- essays research papers

Dear Frank,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have made the biggest difference in my life in so many ways. Ever since my mother died, I have had a tough time getting along with things. You helped me liberate myself, from all the troubles that I know of. How you help me from day to day is priceless and I want you to never forget how much I care about you. You know that our relationship has been stressed on a little because of my father’s relentless attempt to put an end to it. I want you to remember that we did continue to see each other because we know that he is wrong for trying to keep us apart and that we do mean a lot to each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When we decided together to go away and leave everything we know of behind, I felt a bit nostalgic of the idea. I know that I am supposed to be there with you now, but I couldn’t come and I want to explain myself. This whole idea of getting married and moving away came quite quick. You are usually always sailing everywhere, and don’t have too much care for responsibility. Now you want to settle down right away, which befuddles me. I know you want to be with me and mean good, and I the same, but there are other things I must think of in all of this. Another possible problem is your tendency to spend all your money in one shot. We have to learn together to grow and be more responsible if we are to make a big change like getting married, not to mention moving away. You know that wh...

The Three Little College

Students Once Upon a time, there were three piglet sisters who decided to take the next step in their life a go to college. After twelve years of grade school the felt that going to college was greatest achievements of all. The three piglets' names were: Jasmine who was majoring in Nursing, Vanessa who was majoring in Criminal Justice, and Elizabeth who was majoring in Accounting. They all had outstanding grades so there college of choice was ISIS. Before they knew it, they were now known as the USC Trojan!Moving day came along and they were all signed up to live in a dorm together which made the college experience even better. â€Å"Hey Jasmine, did you bring the hair dryer? † Vanessa asked, one's, sissy I brought the hair dryer and all our other hair supplies, don't worry. † Jasmine replied. These sisters Just wanted to make sure they had everything†¦. What do you know they made it to their dorm and were ready for their classes to start? Everyone's' classes starte d the next day. As the next day comes to an end the piglets meet In the dorm and tell each other how amazing everyone's classes are. This is amazing!!!! † Elizabeth shouted. As years go by and the sisters are closer and closer to their graduation date, they each decided that they should move into a small house with some other roommates. A few months go by and they moved into a house with four other people who they have been friends with since the beginning of their college experience. â€Å"Just a few more months left you guys! We can do this! † yelled out one of the roommates, Rebecca. Before they know It they are down to Just a few weeks till graduation. Everyone Is excited but that Is all bout to change.See what they didn't realize was that the City of Los Angels is known for having severe earthquakes during this time of year. So while all the girls made a visit to the mall†¦ BANTAM!!!!! Out of nowhere a 7. 8 earthquake struck the City of Los Angels! Things were thrown everywhere, people were falling, buildings were falling down to pieces, people were yelling! This earthquake was a very serious one and the coast wasn't clear until half an hour later! Can you Imagine?! The girls were safe because they made the best choice and found a large sturdy table to take over underneath.The girls were devastated about what happened but they decided to not think about It and Just think about their soon to be graduation. As they headed back home, Jasmine yelled, â€Å"Ahhhhhhh, What happened here! † Their house collapsed from top to bottom, they then realized their house was right above the San Andrea Fault. Jasmine and Rebecca started sobbing, no one knew what to do. Elizabeth starting talking to the girls and said, † Common you guys we can't let this get to us we are close to graduation we need to be excited not sobbing tears even If our house Is own to pieces, In the mean time we can stay at my Grandmas house. â€Å". â€Å"Ahhhhhhhh!! !! â€Å", â€Å"Wahoo†, ‘Yahoo! † the crowd shouted. The girls were graduating after four long years. The girls, ‘We did It you guys! † 3 PIGS By Jog]tailboard college of choice was USC. Before they knew it, they were now known as the USC the hair dryer? † Vanessa asked, miss, sissy I brought the hair dryer and all our other comes to an end the piglets meet in the dorm and tell each other how amazing guys! We can do this! † yelled out one of the roommates, Rebecca. Before they know it hey are down to Just a few weeks till graduation.Everyone is excited but that is all one and the coast wasn't clear until half an hour later! Can you imagine?! The girls to not think about it and Just think about their soon to be graduation. As they headed are close to graduation we need to be excited not sobbing tears even if our house is down to pieces, In the mean time we can stay at my Grandmas house. ,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. â€Å"Ahhhhhhhh!!!! â€Å", †Å"Wahoo†, Niamey! † the crowd shouted. The girls were graduating after four long years. The girls, â€Å"We did it you guys! †

Discovering Emotional Labour Essay

Emotional work is the control of a person’s feeling in order to display the appropriate emotions to others in different situations (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 7). In other words, a person has to put aside his or her own feelings and shows the right emotions in the right place at the right time. This concept can be applied to many aspects of our daily life and when used in terms of it being sold for a wage, Hochschild (1983) define it as emotional labour. By focusing on the service industries, this essay will discuss Hochschild’s account of emotional labour and look into certain areas of concern caused by it. Although the practice of emotional work can be link all the way back to the ancient time, the term emotional labour is considered to be relatively new and is first discussed in Arlie Hochschild’s (1983) book, â€Å"The Managed Heart†. With the rise of the post-industrial work, there had been a significant increase of the service sector during the late 1900s (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 9). In fact, one now interacts with other individuals rather than working with a machine (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 9). Thus, this gives rise to the importance of interpersonal skills and the use of emotional labour (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. ). Whenever a person changes his or her emotions, tone, body language, etc. to conform to an ideal, it is considered as emotional labour (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 7). It is practiced widely in many forms of modern work. A flight attendance smiling warmly while serving each and every passengers, a cafe barista showing enthusiasm when making coffee, and a nurse showing care and concern when helping a patient. All of the above are examples of emotional labour. With it being a major part of our behavior today, it is vital that we look more deeply to understand how emotional labour works. Hochschild discussed two types of emotional acting: surface acting and deep acting. Surface acting is the act of putting on or showing an emotion without truly feeling that emotion inside oneself (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 35). This means that one has to suppress his or her negative emotions, such as sadness, anger, boredom, etc. , and display positive emotions, such as happiness, care, excitement, etc. There have been concerns being brought up regarding the use of surface acting, as it can lead to serious side effects such as depression. On the other hand, deep acting is the act of putting on an emotion that one truly feels inside (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 35). This is done either by showing the emotion that we really feel or by true method acting. True method acting works by thinking of our past experiences we try to encourage the real emotion that we may not have felt otherwise (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 38). In terms of emotional labour, we are often referring to true method acting which is very much similar to surface acting, one lacks the freedom to genuinely display his or herself during work. Now girls, I want you to go out there and really smile. Your smile is your biggest asset. I want you to go out there and use it. Smile. Really smile. Really lay it on (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 4). † A pilot tells the above to the trainees of Delta Airline Stewardess Training Center. This clearly shows how much the airline focuses on the value of a personal smile to reflect it company’s identity rather than its flight s afety or the punctuality of its flight departures and arrivals (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 4). Another good example would be the baristas working in the world largest cafe chains, Starbucks Coffee being remained consistently by their managers to provide customers with the â€Å"Starbucks Experience†. Baristas are told to put up a cheerful and enthusiastic front, connect with the customers and to develop the say â€Å"yes† attitude. In fact, beside Starbucks, many other food and beverage businesses today have already move on to focus on their customer service rather than focusing solely on the quality and taste of their products. There has been much discussion of emotional labour being â€Å"Taylorized†. Hochschild (1983) compared the labour of a factory worker and a flight attendant. She mentioned that a factory worker is simply doing physical work while a flight attendant has to do physical and mental labour, as well as also emotional work (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 6). Quite similar to Frederick Taylor’s standardization of the physical movements of industrial workers in the early 1900s, scientific management is now used to the mass production of emotional movements (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 33). For example, Disney provides prescriptions to their trainees to always make eye contact and smile, greet and welcome each and every guest, say â€Å"thank you† to each and every guest, etc. (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 32). The Disney look also extends to body appearances, such as hair length and style, make up, body fragrance, nails length and colour (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 32). Besides Disney, a huge number of companies are also transforming emotional labour on a grand scale (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 33). This is because of the economical benefit of doing so (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 33). If employees are able to give the customers a good experience, make them feel welcome and special, then the customers may repeat their visit and purchase (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 33). This greatly concept greatly encourages firms to exploit the use of emotional labour (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 33). The smile of a salesman is seen as a key feature of a â€Å"good† employee attitude and customer satisfaction (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 33). â€Å"The infectious smile is regarded as sources of competitive advantage. (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 33). † As time goes by and till today, we all expect service to be smiling (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 3). Many see emotional labour as a potentially good as no customer will want his or her mood to be spoiled by a surly waitress or a crabby banker (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 9). Today, it is common to have the thinking that we pay for good service and expect it to be provided (Hochschild, 1983: Pg. 9). However, there are several areas of concern caused by emotional labour . Disney or Macdonald in the process of creating standards of their Dreamland Experience or the Big Mac, at the same time also produce emotion in their employees (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 34). The employees have to perform interpersonal work within them to create the ever-present smile, politeness when under pressure and suppression of annoyances and fatigue (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 35). For those that uses deep acting to perform their work started to feel that they are beginning to lose their own identity (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 35). Fineman (2003) mentions that the flight attendances were so into their work role that they began confuse of their identity, especially their sexuality. Others prefer to take on the job by surface acting, putting up the show, looking right and no more (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 5). Using surface acting can still cause one to breakdown under pressure, when their anger, irritation or rebellion breakthrough (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 35). Beside psychological issue, there are also cultural issues of concern over emotional labour. Many fast-food workers are immigrants who have little to smile about when they arrive at work (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 36). A majority of them hav e many problems and faces much worry inside them but they are still expected to put up the smile (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 36). Another cultural issue is that not all social-cultural background support smiling in commercial exchange. However, by standardizing even the emotional aspect, MacDonald except all their staff in all countries and cultural background to smile at their customers (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 36). For example, in Japan native Japanese businessmen were taught to smile to help them with international deals (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 42). However, this is a huge conflict with the traditional Japanese way, where instant smile is considered as a cultural insult (Fineman, 2003: Pg. 42). In conclusion, due to the emerging service sector work in the late 1900s and the transformation of emotional labour on grand scale through standardization and training, we all expect service to be smiling today. No doubt, it is consider as potentially good, no one will like their mood to be affect by the others. However, there are also areas of concern over the psychological and cultural issues that arise from the use of emotional labour. Therefore, it is important for us to reconsider and perhaps not overly exploit the use of emotional labour for own good.